Blood Types:

There are four major types of blood groups: A, B, AB, and O.

In our lab at school, we tested the 4 bloodtypes with Antigen A and Antigen B to test them positively or negatively with each antigen.

Blood group A
If you belong to the blood group A, you have A antigens on the surface of your red blood cells and B antibodies in your blood plasma.

Blood group B
If you belong to the blood group B, you have B antigens on the surface of your red blood cells and A antibodies in your blood plasma.

Blood group AB
If you belong to the blood group AB, you have both A and B antigens on the surface of your red blood cells and no A or B antibodies at all in your blood plasma.

Blood group O
If you belong to the blood group O, you have neither A or B antigens on the surface of your red blood cells but you have both A and B antibodies in your blood plasma.

These four blood types must be viewed very carefully. Some of them can mix, some of them can't. Take Blood Type A and Blood Type B, for example. If you were to mix those, a serious reaction can occur. What happens is the A antigens attack the B antigens and vis versa, causing harm to the blood system in one's body.

Techniques and Indicators Scientists use to Identify Handwriting or Forgeries

1. Line quality: Do the letters flow or are they written with very intent strokes?

2. Spacing of words and letters: What is the average space between words and letters?

3. Ratio of height, width, and size of letters: Are the letters consistent in height, width, and size?

4. Lifting pen: Does the author lift his or her pen to stop writing a word and start a new word?

5. Connecting strokes: How are the capital letters connected to lower-case letters?

6. Strokes to begin and end: Where does the letter begin and end on a page?

7. Unusual letter formation: Are there any letters written with unusual slants or angles? Are some letters printed rather than written in cursive?

8. Pen pressure: How much pen pressure is applied on upward and downward strokes?

9. Slant: Do letters slant to the left or right? If slant is pronounced, a protractor may be used to determine the degree.

10. Baseline habits: Does the author write on the line or does the writing go above or below the line?

11. Fancy writing habits: Are there any unusual curls or loops or unique styles?

12. Placement of diacritics: How does the author cross the t’s or dot the i’s?

History of Handwriting

Handwriting analysis, also known as graphology, has its origins far back in history. Over 2000 years ago, Aristotle noticed the correlation between handwriting and personality while the Chinese independently also made the observation that there was a connection between character and writing. In the late 1800's, Abbe Michon who was the headmaster of a school in Paris and a respected intellectual, wrote several books on the subject and coined the name of "graphology". Later, his successor, Crepieux Jamin, classified the many features of graphology into a comprehensive system.